Science, technologies and innovations

Glossary of statistical terms

1. Implementation of innovations (innovation) is the enterprises's activities related to implementation of both technologically new and significantly technologically improved products (product innovations) and processes (process innovations). Innovation is considered to be implemented if it (its result) entered the market or is used in the production process. 2. Total volume of scientific and technical works is determined as the net value (without value added tax) of projects performed during the reference year by own resources under direct contracts (excluding projects performed by subcontractors) 3. Gross domestic expenditure on r&d is the actual cost of implementation of research and development (at cost) during the reference year regardless of the source of funds, including both current and capital expenditures (less amortization and depreciation of assets). The costs of works (services) that are not science & technology ones, as well as paid services are not included. 4. Intramural current expenditure on r&d comprises internal expenditure on implementation R&D by own resources regardless capital expenditure (less amortization and depreciation of assets). 5. Number of employees involved in the implementation of research and development is the total number of scientific organization employees directly involved in implementation of research and development activities. They include both permanent and temporary employees fully or partially engaged in carrying out research and development, as well as part-time employees and persons working under civil contracts. 6. Production preparation for introduction of innovations is industrial design, other types of works on production preparation for manufacture of new products, introduction of new methods of their production. Production research and design works are related to technological equipment, production organization and initial stage of products release. These may include design of an industrial object (sample), other design and development works directed at separate production processes and methods, technical specifications, operational features (properties) required for production of technologically new products and implementation of new processes. The indicated works are not included into research and development and, as a rule, they belong to the initial stage of the project aimed at creation of new products or technological processes. Starting from 2007 report the index data have been attributed to other expenditures. 7. Researchers are scientists, engineers, and technicians being professionally engaged in research and development activities and directly involved in creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as administrative and managerial staff that directly manages the research process (including heads of scientific organizations and divisions that carry out research and development). 8. Number of implemented innovative types of products, names is the number of innovative types of products introduced in production during the reporting period , which may be new both for the market and only for the enterprise,; incl. new types of machinery, equipment, devices, appliances, etc. is the number of types of machinery, equipment, devices, appliances, etc. introduced into production. 9. New types of machines, equipment, devices, appliances, etc. are the number of new types of machines, equipment, devices, appliances, etc. introduced into the production, which are new to the market. 10. Technicians are employees whose main functions require possession of technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of natural, technical, social or humanitarian sciences; they are involved in implementation of research and development activities, performing technical functions, usually under the guidance of researchers (computer programs preparation; bibliographic search execution and selection of relevant materials from archives and libraries; setting up experiments, trials and analyses; measurements registration, making calculations, preparation of drawings and schemes, conducting statistical surveys, etc.). 11. Sold innovative products is the volume of sold innovative products starting from the beginning of the year, which were repeatedly implemented, has undergone significant technological changes or has been improved over the last three years (innovative products are new both for the market and only for the enterprise). Innovation is new for the market when the enterprise that introduced the innovation is the first to take it to its market. Market is understood as the enterprise's concept of the market where it operates; it may consist of the actual reporting enterprise in conjunction with its competitors, possibly taking into account the geographic aspect or typical product batch. Geographic aspect is the market, which can include both national and international enterprises. Minimum level of novelty for including any change in "innovation" category is defined as "new for the enterprise". The product can already be used (produced) at other enterprises but if it is new or significantly improved for this enterprise, then such a change is considered as innovation for it. 12. Support staff are employees who perform auxiliary functions related to research and development activities: employees of planning economic, financial divisions, patent services, divisions of scientific and technical information, scientific and technical libraries; employees performing installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of scientific equipment and devices; employees of research (experimental) productions; laboratory assistants not having complete higher, basic higher or elementary higher education. 13. Intellectual property items include inventions, utility models, industrial prototypes. 14. Invention (utility model) is a result of intellectual activity of a person in any technology sphere. Invention (utility model) object may be a product (device, substance, microorganism strain, plant and animal cell culture), process (method), as well as new application of a known product or process. 15. Industrial prototype is a result of creative human activity in the field of artistic design. The industrial prototype object may be a shape, drawing or coloring or combination thereof determining the appearance of the industrial product and being intended to satisfy the aesthetic and ergonomic needs. 16. Improvement suggestion is a suggestion that is new and useful for the enterprise it is presented for and envisages creation or modification of the products design, production technology, material composition or equipment used. 17. Fundamental research is experimental or theoretical research aimed at obtaining the new knowledge about natural development of nature, humans, society, their relationships without any specific objective connected with the usage of this knowledge. The results of their fulfilment are hypotheses, theories, methods, etc. Fundamental research can end up with recommendations regarding the conduct of the applied research to identify possibilities for making practical use of the obtained scientific results, scientific publications, etc. 18. Applied research is original research that is carried out to obtain the new knowledge. Applied research is mainly meant for fulfilment of the specific practical objective or task. Applied research identifies possible strands for making use of results of fundamental research, new methods for resolving problems that were indicated earlier. 19. Scientific and technical developments are systematic operations based on the existing knowledge obtained as a result of research and/or practical experiences and aimed at creating new materials, products, processes, devices, services, systems or methods. The operations could also be focused on significant improvement of the processes and products that already exist 20. Scientific and technical services are defined as activity in the area of scientific and technical information, licenses, standardization, metrology and control over the quality, scientific and technical consultancies and follow-up activity that assist to implement research and developments into production, other types of activities that help obtain, disseminate and make use of scientific knowledge.

SCIENCE AND INNOVATIONS Lviv region in figures